What Are Spanish Tapas and Which Ones Should You Try?

Spanish tapas are much more than just simple appetizers; they are an essential part of Spain’s culture and way of life. From small bars in Madrid to seaside taverns in Andalusia, tapas are the perfect excuse to gather, share, and enjoy a wide variety of flavors in small portions.

Their origin has multiple versions, but all agree that they started as a way to accompany drinks with small portions of food. Today, they have evolved into a symbol of Spanish gastronomy, with options ranging from traditional dishes to more innovative creations.

In this article, you will discover what Spanish tapas are, their history, and the must-try tapas that will give you an authentic Spanish culinary experience.

What Are Spanish Tapas?

Spanish tapas are small portions of food served as an accompaniment to drinks in bars and restaurants across Spain. They represent a unique gastronomic tradition that allows people to try different flavors in one meal while sharing with friends or family in a relaxed atmosphere.

Origin and Evolution

The origin of tapas is uncertain, but there are several popular theories. One of the most widely accepted explanations is that during the Middle Ages, tavern keepers covered wine glasses with a slice of bread or cured meat to prevent insects from falling in. This is where the word “tapa” (which means “cover” in Spanish) comes from.

Another version attributes the invention of tapas to King Alfonso X of Castile, who, according to legend, ordered that taverns serve small portions of food with wine to prevent the effects of excessive alcohol consumption. Over time, the tradition spread throughout Spain, and tapas evolved, adapting to local ingredients and customs.

Main Characteristics of Tapas

Tapas are characterized by small portions that can be served hot or cold. Some of their key characteristics include:

• Variety of ingredients – Tapas encompass a wide range of flavors, including seafood, cured meats, vegetables, and cheeses.
• Accompaniment to drinks – Traditionally served with wine, beer, or vermouth, although modern tapas bars now pair them with cocktails and other beverages.
• Encourage sharing – In many tapas bars, dishes are placed at the center of the table, allowing everyone to taste different options.
• Flexible format – In some Spanish cities, tapas are free with a drink (like in Granada or León), while in others, they are offered on menus or à la carte.

Differences Between Tapas, Pintxos, and Raciones

Although tapas are the most well-known format, Spain offers other similar options that may cause confusion:

• Tapas – Small portions served on a plate or in a small dish, perfect for sharing.
• Pintxos – Unlike tapas, pintxos are usually served on a piece of bread and held together with a toothpick. They are very typical in the Basque Country and Navarra.
• Raciones – Larger portions of food, meant to be shared among several people.

Spanish tapas are an essential part of the country’s gastronomy and culture. Now that you know their history and characteristics, it’s time to discover which tapas you must try.

The Most Popular Spanish Tapas You Must Try

If you’re visiting Spain or simply want to enjoy Spanish cuisine at home, there are classic tapas that should definitely be on your list. From simple recipes to more elaborate dishes, here are some of the most iconic Spanish tapas:

1. Spanish Omelet (Tortilla Española) – The Essential Tapa

The Spanish omelet, also known as tortilla española, is one of the most representative dishes in Spanish cuisine. It is made with eggs, potatoes, and, in some versions, onions, creating a soft and juicy texture inside with a lightly golden crust on the outside.

It is served in triangular slices or small portions on bread. In many bars, you can find variations with chorizo, bell peppers, or spinach.

2. Patatas Bravas – Spicy and Addictive

Patatas bravas are a classic tapa consisting of fried potato cubes served with a spicy tomato-based sauce, known as salsa brava. In some regions, they are accompanied by alioli, a garlic and oil sauce that balances the heat.

Each bar has its own version of salsa brava, making this an ideal tapa to try in different places and discover your favorite.

3. Iberian Ham (Jamón Ibérico) – A Gastronomic Luxury

You can’t talk about tapas without mentioning Jamón Ibérico, one of Spain’s most prized culinary delicacies. It is served in thin slices, often accompanied by tomato-rubbed bread (pan con tomate) or a glass of wine.

There are different varieties, but the most highly valued is Jamón Ibérico de Bellota, which comes from free-range pigs fed on acorns.

4. Croquettes (Croquetas) – Crispy on the Outside, Creamy on the Inside

Croquetas are small, fried bites with a creamy béchamel filling, combined with ingredients like ham, cod, or cheese.

Each restaurant has its own version, from classic ham croquettes to more innovative options like mushrooms, spinach, or shrimp.

5. Garlic Shrimp (Gambas al Ajillo) – Simple Yet Flavorful

Gambas al ajillo is a simple yet flavorful tapa made by sautéing shrimp in olive oil with garlic slices and chili peppers, giving them a slightly spicy touch.

They are served in a hot clay dish, with bread on the side to soak up the flavorful garlic-infused oil.

6. Padrón Peppers (Pimientos de Padrón) – The Tapa of Surprises

Pimientos de Padrón are small green peppers fried in olive oil and sprinkled with coarse salt. The fun part? Some are mild, while others are extremely spicy, but you won’t know until you take a bite.

A specialty from Galicia, they are now popular in tapas bars across Spain.

7. Galician-Style Octopus (Pulpo a la Gallega) – A Northern Classic

Pulpo a la gallega, or Pulpo a Feira, is a traditional Galician tapa made by boiling octopus until tender, slicing it into thin rounds, and seasoning it with paprika, coarse salt, and olive oil.

It’s served on a wooden plate with boiled potatoes, offering a rich and tender seafood experience.

8. Pickled Anchovies (Boquerones en Vinagre) – Fresh and Flavorful

Boquerones en vinagre are anchovies marinated in a mixture of vinegar, garlic, and parsley. Their tangy and fresh flavor makes them the perfect pairing for bread and a glass of white wine.

They are particularly popular in Madrid and Andalusia, where they are served as a cold tapa in many traditional bars.

9. Russian Salad (Ensaladilla Rusa) – Creamy and Refreshing

Ensaladilla rusa is a cold tapa made with potatoes, mayonnaise, peas, carrots, and tuna. It is typically garnished with boiled egg and olives.

This dish is widely found in bars throughout Spain, especially in the summer, as it is light and refreshing.

10. Chorizo in Cider (Chorizo a la Sidra) – A Taste of Asturias

Chorizo a la sidra is a typical Asturian tapa consisting of chorizo slow-cooked in natural cider, which gives it a slightly sweet and juicy flavor. It is served in thick slices with bread to soak up the flavorful juices.

This is a perfect choice for those looking for a tapa with a strong, traditional flavor.

These are just a few of the most popular Spanish tapas, but Spain offers an endless variety of options. Each region has its own specialties, and trying tapas in different places is an excellent way to explore the country’s gastronomic diversity.

In the next section, we’ll tell you where to find the best tapas in Spain and what to order in each region.

Where to Find the Best Tapas in Spain

Spain is a country where tapas are a fundamental part of its gastronomic culture. While you can find tapas bars and taverns in almost any city, some regions offer a more authentic and diverse experience. Here’s where you can find the best tapas and what to order in each location.

1. Madrid – The Capital of Tapas

Madrid is a paradise for tapas lovers. In its traditional bars and food markets, you can find everything from classic tapas to innovative creations.

Must-Try Tapas in Madrid:

• Bocadillo de calamares – A crispy sandwich filled with fried squid, especially popular in Plaza Mayor.
• Patatas bravas – Served with spicy brava sauce, this is one of the most popular tapas in the capital.
• Oreja a la plancha – A typical Madrid dish, crispy and seasoned with garlic and parsley.

📍 Recommended areas: La Latina, Barrio de las Letras, Mercado de San Miguel.

2. Barcelona – A Fusion of Tradition and Modernity

Barcelona blends traditional tapas with Mediterranean influences and creative gastronomy. Additionally, it has a strong Catalan culinary identity.

Must-Try Tapas in Barcelona:

• Pan con tomate – Crunchy bread rubbed with tomato, olive oil, and salt, often served with Iberian ham.
• Bomba Barcelonesa – A potato croquette filled with meat, topped with brava sauce and alioli.
• Escalivada – Roasted eggplant and peppers drizzled with olive oil, a classic of Catalan cuisine.

📍 Recommended areas: El Born, Poble Sec, Mercado de La Boquería.

3. Seville – The Heart of Andalusian Tapas

In Seville, ordering tapas is a way of life. Many bars serve tapas in small portions, allowing you to try multiple dishes in one visit.

Must-Try Tapas in Seville:

• Solomillo al whisky – Pork loin in garlic and whiskey sauce, a Sevillian classic.
• Flamenquín – A breaded roll of Iberian ham and pork loin, fried until golden and crispy.
• Espinacas con garbanzos – A traditional Andalusian dish made with spinach, chickpeas, and spices.

📍 Recommended areas: Triana, Alameda de Hércules, Barrio de Santa Cruz.

4. Granada – The City of Free Tapas

Granada is famous for its tradition of serving free tapas with every drink, making the experience even more enjoyable and authentic.

Must-Try Tapas in Granada:

• Migas – Fried breadcrumbs mixed with chorizo, pork belly, and peppers.
• Berenjenas con miel – Fried eggplant slices drizzled with cane honey for a sweet-savory contrast.
• Piononos – A small sponge cake with cream, of Arab origin, perfect to end your meal with a sweet touch.

📍 Recommended areas: Calle Navas, Albaicín, Plaza Nueva.

5. San Sebastián – The Mecca of Pintxos

Although technically pintxos are not tapas, in San Sebastián, the tradition of eating small portions of food is just as strong. Pintxos are usually served on bread and held together with a toothpick.

Must-Try Pintxos in San Sebastián:

• Gilda – A pintxo with olive, anchovy, and pickled green chili, the most iconic of the Basque Country.

• Txangurro a la donostiarra – Gratinated spider crab, mixed with onion, peppers, and brandy.

• Carrilleras al vino tinto – Beef cheek slow-cooked in red wine, tender and full of flavor.

📍 Recommended areas: Parte Vieja, Mercado de la Bretxa.

In every corner of Spain, tapas are a gastronomic experience that brings people together over food and drinks. Whether in Madrid’s bars, Barcelona’s food markets, or Andalusian taverns, the tapas tradition is one that must be enjoyed.

Now that you know what tapas are and where to find them, there’s only one question left:

Which one will you try first?